MAS DE TRES MILLONES DE PERSONAS MUEREN CADA AÑO POR EL CONSUMO ABUSIVO DE ALCOHOL
La Redacción. (EFE) Ginebra
según un informe de la OMS el uso abusivo del alcohol mata a más de tres millones de personas cada año.
Los Estados miembros de la OMS se han fijado el objetivo de alcanzar una reducción del consumo global de alcohol en un 10 % para 2025 con respecto a los índices de 2010.
El uso abusivo del alcohol mata anualmente a más de tres millones de personas en el mundo, según un estudio presentado hoy por de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
El «Informe Mundial sobre Alcohol y Salud 2018» subraya que esas muertes representan el 5 % de todos los decesos por enfermedad en el mundo, y que tres cuartas partes de los fallecidos son hombres.
De todas las muertes relacionadas con el alcohol, el 28 % fueron a causa de heridas provocadas en accidentes de tráfico, automutilaciones o violencia interpersonal; el 21 % a causa de desórdenes digestivos, 19 % a causa de enfermedades cardiovasculares y el resto a causa de enfermedades infecciosas, cánceres y desórdenes mentales, entre otros.
El informe revela que a pesar de varias tendencias positivas en la prevalencia de ebriedad, que el estudio denomina «prevalencia de episodios de alto consumo» y define como una ingesta de al menos 60 gramos o más de alcohol puro al menos en una ocasión en los últimos 30 días, las cifras siguen siendo demasiado elevadas.
«Es inaceptable un consumo excesivo y nocivo tan generalizado y que provoca unas tasas tan altas de enfermedad y muerte», afirmó en una teleconferencia el coordinador de la unidad de abuso de substancias de la OMS, Vladimir Poznyak.
«Los datos muestran claramente que o hay un cambio significativo o no cumpliremos con lo que los propios gobiernos han establecido», añadió.
Los Estados miembros de la OMS se han fijado el objetivo de alcanzar una reducción del consumo global de alcohol en un 10 % para 2025 con respecto a los índices de 2010.
Además, la OMS siempre ha incidido en que la reducción de la ingesta nociva de alcohol ayudará a lograr algunos de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, en particular los relativos a la salud materno-infantil, las enfermedades infecciosas y las enfermedades no transmisibles.
Globalmente, 237 millones de hombres y 46 millones de mujeres sufren de desórdenes relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, con la mayor prevalencia entre hombres y mujeres en la región europea (14,8 % y 3,5 %, respectivamente) y la región de las Américas (11,5 % y 5,1 %).
Los desórdenes son más comunes en países de altos ingresos, especifica el texto, algo que subrayó Poznyak, quien recordó que, de hecho, cuando hay crisis económica, el consumo de alcohol se reduce.
Se estima que unos 2.300 millones de personas en el mundo son bebedores comunes, y que más de la mitad de la población de la región de las Américas, Europa y el Pacífico occidental consumen alcohol asiduamente.
La región europea de la OMS -que comprende no solo a la UE sino a toda Europa oriental, incluidas Rusia y las antiguas repúblicas soviéticas- tiene el consumo «per capita» más alto del mundo: 9,8 litros en 2016, aunque representa una caída considerable respecto a los 11,2 litros en 2010.
No obstante, las estimaciones apuntan a que el consumo crecerá mundialmente, especialmente en el Sudeste Asiático, en el Pacífico occidental y en las Américas.
Más de una cuarta parte (27 %) de los jóvenes de entre 15 y 19 años del mundo son bebedores.
Un porcentaje que crece considerablemente en Europa en la misma franja de edad hasta el 44 %, seguido de las Américas y del Pacífico occidental (ambos, 38 %).
El estudio subraya que las encuestas escolares revelan que el consumo de alcohol empieza en muchas ocasiones antes de los 15 años, «con muy pocas diferencias entre niños y niñas».
El consumo medio de alcohol diario en el mundo es de 33 gramos de puro alcohol, lo que equivale a 2 vasos de vino, una cerveza grande o dos chupitos de alcohol fuerte.
Globalmente, el 45 % del alcohol consumido es alcohol fuerte, seguido de la cerveza (34 %) y el vino (12 %).
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